Improved cupola-furnace



C. TR'UESDALE.

Cupola Furnace.. No. 54,470.- Patented May 1, 1866.

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PETERS, Pholo-Lithagrapher, wamingtun. D, C.

Nrrnn STATES PATELQM WM, Jenson a oo.

, on sAME PLAGE.

IMPROVED CUPOLA-FURNACE.

Specification `forming part of Letters Patent No. 54,470, dated May 1, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLEs TRUESDALE, of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cupola and other Melting Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to secure an active and uninterrupted melting` action, especially toward the conclusion of the heat, at which period the common cupola is liable to fall off in deliveryT of metalmiu consequence of becoming cloggedby the bridging of congealed slag, iiuX, and metal opposite and around the issues of the tuyeres.

In the customary horizontal arrangements of tuyeres, whose nozzles discharge ilush with the general concavity or lining-wall of the cupola, and in a common plane, that portion of the metal, slag, &c., which descends near said Wall, on coming in contact with the comparatively cold air from the tuyeres, becomes congealed, and, forming an impenetrable barrier to the blast, deflects the same violently against the lining of the cupola, near the issue of each tuyere, causing the ire-brick or other lining material to burn out rapidly at those parts. Moreover, when once a bridge has commenced forming the accumulated debris in front of each tuyere becomes the nucleus of further accretions, until nearly the entire area immediately above the tuyeres is obstructed by an arch of slag, cinder, Sto., which arrests the melting process, and which is required to be laboriously removed before the cupola can be employed for another melting.

The first part of m'y improvement consists in arranging one or more series of tuyeres in vertical lines and with diminished issues as they approach the top of the series.

The second part of my improvement consists in projecting the openings or ventages of the tuyeres beyond the inner lining, so as to approach the axis of the cupola, each series being protected by a pier or vertical set-off.

Figure l is a vertical section of a cupola embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a hori- Zontal section at the line x, Fig. l.

The wall A of my cupola is traversed by one or more vertical series of tuyeres, B B B B, and I. prefer each tuyere of the series to be somewhat less in area of issue than that immediately below it. In the most complete form of my improvement the several nozzles of the tuyeres project a considerable distance into the interior of the furnace, each series being protected by a pier or set-off, C.

The blast-action being made to takeplace in one or more vertical columns, instead of in a single horizontal stratum, any congelatiou consequent on a too-feeble blast, or otherwise, must of necessity take a vertical rather than a horizontal direction, and cannot materially obstruct the draft of the furnace.

By making the issue or ventage of each tuyere above the bottom one somewhat less than that immediately' below it,' I secure a gradual softening` and reduction of thevmaterial, the smaller tuyeres at and near the upper part ofthe series, operating to disintegrate the fragments of ore and flux, preparing them for the melting action of the more powerful tuyeres below and greatly accelerating the activity of the furnace and the delivery of molten metal. The blast-issues being made to take place at the central and hottest part of the furnace, the usual chilling action is entirely absent.

The vertical piers serve the double purpose of protecting, while moderately heating, the tuyeres, and they also serve, by removing the issues from the lining, to oblige any deiiected currents to traverse a greater distance before they can impinge against it.

I have selected for illustration a form which has been successfully tested by me in the foundry, but do not desire to restrict the improvement to the precise arrangement above described, so long as the same results are obtained by means substantially equivalent. For example, although a regular gradation in the size of each consecutive tuyere in the series is believed preferable, yet the gradation may be more or ,less irregular or partial, and yet answer a good purpose, though in a lesser degree. Again, the tuyeres of each series may 'Y be increased in number and correspondingly diminished in individual area, or they may even be replaced by a vertical slot which narrows toward its upper end.

There may be a greater or less number of the Work, material, &c., or other circumstances,

series of tuyeres than in the present illustration, as the size of the cupola, the nature of may make desirable, While the mouths ot' the tuyeres and the faces of the protecting-piers may incline outward or inward from a vertical direction.

An inferior modication of my improvement may consist of a vertical series of graduated tuyeres terminating nsh, or nearly ush, with the lining, and Without a protecting-pier.

I claim herein as new and of my inventionl. The provision, in a cupola or melting furnace, of one or more Vertical series of tuyeres,

with gradated or decreasing ventages toward the upper portion of thcseries, substantially as set forth. v

2. The arrangement of one or more vertical series oftuyeres which project beyond the common or general lining-Wall and are protected by vertical piers, substantially as set forth.

In testimony ot' Which invention I hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES TRUESDALE.

Witnesses: l GEO. H. KNIGHT, JAMES H. LAYMAN. 

